waste-scape
solid waste management and recycling opportunities, the urban challenge
mumbai / curitiba
INTRODUCTION
curitiba
mumbai
The right to live in a healthy environment is a basic human right.
| The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 declare under the Article 25: Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. |
| UNCHS reports state that if waste recycling and reprocessing is fully developed, the sector could employ around 2% of the urban population. In big cities waste management, recycling , and urban poverty are inextricably linked. |
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) including garbage and rubbish from households, sanitation waste and street sweepings. It also
includes wastes and discarded materials from institutions and commercial complexes and debris from construction and
demolition activities.
Garbage: general term which includes animal and vegetable wastes associated with various activities like storage,
preparation, sale, cooking and serving of food. These wastes are biodegradable in nature.
Ashes: residues from the burning of wood, charcoal and coke for cooking and heating in houses, institutions and small
industries also defined as waste. Ashes consist of a fine powdery residue, cinders and clinker often mixed with small pieces of
metal and glass.
Rubbish: other solid wastes produced in households, commercial establishments and institutions.
Bulky wastes: large household appliances such as cookers, refrigerators and washing machines as well as furniture, crates,
vehicle parts, tires, wood, trees and branches. The bulky metallic wastes are sold as scrap metal but some portion is disposed
of in sanitary landfills.
Street wastes: paper, cardboard, plastic, dirt, dust, leaves and other vegetable matter.
Dead animals. This category, however, does not include carcasses and animal parts from slaughterhouses as these are
considered industrial wastes.
Construction and demolition wastes like cement, bricks, cement plaster, steel, rubble, stone, timber, plastic and iron pipes and
major components of the building industry. About 50% of these materials are not currently recycled in India.
E-waste: any electrical or electronic appliance that contain components considered toxic and not biodegradable. E-waste in
Mumbai is believed to be 0.5 per cent of the 8500 to of the garbage that is disposed at various dumping grounds.
Hazardous wastes from hospitals, clinics and laboratories fall under a separate regulation called the Biomedical Wastes.
Composting: controlled process involving microbial decomposition of organic matter; it includes vermi-composting which is
a process of using earthworms for conversion of bio-degradable waste into compost; Bio-methanation: process which involves
the enzymatic decomposition of organic matter by microbial action to produce methane-rich biogas.
Landfill: waste disposal site for the deposit of residual solid waste in a facility designed with protective measures against
pollution of ground water, surface water and air fugitive dust, wind-blown litter, bad odour, fire hazard, bird menace, pests or
rodents, greenhouse gas emissions, slope instability and erosion.
House gully: passage or strip of land, constructed, set apart or utilised for the purpose of serving as or carrying a drain or
affording access to the latrine, urinal, cesspool or other receptacle for waste or other polluted matter by persons employed in
the clearing thereof or in the removal o Garbage Collection and Disposal System: process covering the gathering of the
rubbish generated by resident communities and/or other institutions for onward transportation to notified dumping ground.
Recycling: process of transforming segregated non-biodegradable solid waste into raw materials for producing new products,
which may or may not be similar to the original products.
Segregation: separation into the specified groups of bio-degradable, hazardous, bio-medical, construction and demolition,
bulk garden and horticultural, and all other inert waste.
MCBM: Municipal Corporation of Brihan Mumbai
includes wastes and discarded materials from institutions and commercial complexes and debris from construction and
demolition activities.
Garbage: general term which includes animal and vegetable wastes associated with various activities like storage,
preparation, sale, cooking and serving of food. These wastes are biodegradable in nature.
Ashes: residues from the burning of wood, charcoal and coke for cooking and heating in houses, institutions and small
industries also defined as waste. Ashes consist of a fine powdery residue, cinders and clinker often mixed with small pieces of
metal and glass.
Rubbish: other solid wastes produced in households, commercial establishments and institutions.
Bulky wastes: large household appliances such as cookers, refrigerators and washing machines as well as furniture, crates,
vehicle parts, tires, wood, trees and branches. The bulky metallic wastes are sold as scrap metal but some portion is disposed
of in sanitary landfills.
Street wastes: paper, cardboard, plastic, dirt, dust, leaves and other vegetable matter.
Dead animals. This category, however, does not include carcasses and animal parts from slaughterhouses as these are
considered industrial wastes.
Construction and demolition wastes like cement, bricks, cement plaster, steel, rubble, stone, timber, plastic and iron pipes and
major components of the building industry. About 50% of these materials are not currently recycled in India.
E-waste: any electrical or electronic appliance that contain components considered toxic and not biodegradable. E-waste in
Mumbai is believed to be 0.5 per cent of the 8500 to of the garbage that is disposed at various dumping grounds.
Hazardous wastes from hospitals, clinics and laboratories fall under a separate regulation called the Biomedical Wastes.
Composting: controlled process involving microbial decomposition of organic matter; it includes vermi-composting which is
a process of using earthworms for conversion of bio-degradable waste into compost; Bio-methanation: process which involves
the enzymatic decomposition of organic matter by microbial action to produce methane-rich biogas.
Landfill: waste disposal site for the deposit of residual solid waste in a facility designed with protective measures against
pollution of ground water, surface water and air fugitive dust, wind-blown litter, bad odour, fire hazard, bird menace, pests or
rodents, greenhouse gas emissions, slope instability and erosion.
House gully: passage or strip of land, constructed, set apart or utilised for the purpose of serving as or carrying a drain or
affording access to the latrine, urinal, cesspool or other receptacle for waste or other polluted matter by persons employed in
the clearing thereof or in the removal o Garbage Collection and Disposal System: process covering the gathering of the
rubbish generated by resident communities and/or other institutions for onward transportation to notified dumping ground.
Recycling: process of transforming segregated non-biodegradable solid waste into raw materials for producing new products,
which may or may not be similar to the original products.
Segregation: separation into the specified groups of bio-degradable, hazardous, bio-medical, construction and demolition,
bulk garden and horticultural, and all other inert waste.
MCBM: Municipal Corporation of Brihan Mumbai
Definitions
Broader picture
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MCGM: Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
INR: Indian Rupee
Ha: hectares
Rs: Rupees, Indian Currency
Crore: 100 lakh or 10 million
INR: Indian Rupee
Ha: hectares
Rs: Rupees, Indian Currency
Crore: 100 lakh or 10 million
Source of images:
[1] http://maps.mygeo.info/cont/ref_mapas/2004/time_zones.jpg
[2–5] Maria Arquero, trip to Mumbai
[1] http://maps.mygeo.info/cont/ref_mapas/2004/time_zones.jpg
[2–5] Maria Arquero, trip to Mumbai